![]() Successfully developing your ideas redecessors, he determined the circumference, circle area, volume and ball surface. Following Evdoksom method of "exhaustion" and its options for calculating volumes and squares used by the ancient scientist Archimedes. To prove it, he applied the method of "exhaustion", who found its use in the writings of his followers. pyramids, theorems that the areas of two circles relate as squares their radii. He gave a complete proof of the volume theorem. Scientists who foresaw the concept of an integral, was the ancient Greek scholar Eudoxus of Cnidus, who lived around 408-355 years BC. Then the problem of finding areas were formulated as the problem of “squaring a circle”: to build a square, isometric to this circle. Numbers, so mathematicians operated with their geometric counterparts or scalar quantities. The need for a special term is explained the fact that in antiquity notions of real The Latin word "quadratura" is translated as "giving ![]() The history of the concept of an integral is closely related to the problems of finding quadratures, when the problems of quadrature of one or another plane figure mathematicians of ancient Greece and Rome called tasks on computing areas. You can add two neighboring intervals together: Historical information If you are considering an integral interval that starts and ends at the same place, the result will be 0: The result will be the negative expression of the original function: The theory of a certain integral is an integral part of the section of mathematical analysis - the integral calculus of the function of one variable. Mathematics generalizes applied problems by replacing physical, geometric quantities with abstract mathematical concepts (function, span or region of integration), investigates the conditions of integrability and offers practical recommendations for using a certain integral. The need to use a certain integral leads to the task of calculating the area of the curvilinear region, the length of the arc, the volume and mass of a body with a variable density, the path traveled by a moving body, the work of a variable force, the electric field potential, and much more.Ĭommon to this type of problem is the approach to solving the problem: the large can be represented as the sum of the small, the area of the flat region can be represented as the sum of the areas of the rectangles into which the region is mentally divided, volume as the sum of the volumes of pieces, body weight as the sum of the masses of parts, etc. The concept of a specific integral and the calculation - integration procedure are found in a wide variety of problems in physics, chemistry, technology, mathematical biology, probability theory and mathematical statistics. The paper gives definitions of the basic concepts and formulations of theorems, working formulas and mathematical expressions, gives practical recommendations for the analysis of examples in order to facilitate the assimilation of the material and the implementation of the course calculation task. The teaching aid is intended for students of the biomedical faculty to assist in the development of educational material and the theoretical part of the educational material can be considered as a lecture notes. The manual is intended for undergraduate students studying the differential and integral calculus of the function of one variable in the framework of the curriculum. A large number of tasks for independent solutions are presented, including options for an individual calculation task containing situational (applied) tasks. Examples of solving typical problems are given. The manual contains the basics of the theory of a certain integral. Then function defined on the half-line and integrable on any interval The limit of the integral and is called the improper integral of the first kind of function a to and Improper integral is definite integral, which is unlimited or expanded function, or the region of integration, or both together Proper integral is a definite integral, which is bounded as expanded function, and the region of integration. An indefinite integral is the set of all antiderivatives some functionĪ definite integral of the function f (x) on the interval is the limit of integral sums when the diameter of the partitioning tends to zero if it exists independently of the partition and choice of points inside the elementary segments.
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